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PEOPLE

Language
English and French (both official)
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	33.6 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	33.1 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	32.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	32.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	32.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	31.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	31.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	31.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	30.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
44.4 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
About 45 percent of Canadians descend from British settlers and 29 percent from the French. There are about 800,000 Native Americans, Metis (mixed race) and Inuit, as well as large migrant populations from Asia, the Caribbean and Europe.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Roman Catholic 46 percent, Protestant 36 percent. There are Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist and Hindu minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	80.3 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	80.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	80.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	80.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	79.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	79.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	79.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	79.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1917 1960
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2005)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	17.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	17.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	18.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	18.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	18.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	19.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
Ranges from GMT -4 to GMT -8

Climate description
Varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Currency
Canadian dollar

Telephone dialling code
(+) 1 + state code

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	80.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	80.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	80.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	79.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	79.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	78.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	77.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	77.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	77.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	76.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	76.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	76.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	82.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	82.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	82.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	81.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	81.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	81.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	5 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	5 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	5 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	5 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	5 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	5 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	5 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	6 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	6 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	6 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	6 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	6 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	6 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	7 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	7 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	6 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	7 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	6 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	4	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	6	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	5	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	4	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	8	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	3	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
No data available percent

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	<2.5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	<2.5 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	100 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	100 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	100 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	100 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	554 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	554 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	559 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	562 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	643 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	651 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	659 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	682 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	679 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	645 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	616 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	575 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	527 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	470 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	420 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	379 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	344 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	284 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	730 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	730 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	705 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	680 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	660 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	640 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	616 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	452 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	423 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	9 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	9 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	14	Transparency International
2005	14	Transparency International
2004	12	Transparency International
2003	11 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	7 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	7	Transparency International
2000	5	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
No data available percent

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	39650 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	36890 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	33150 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	28530 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	24650 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	22840 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	22420 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	22130 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	1329.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	1275.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	1134.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	992.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	865.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	734.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	715.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	724.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	2.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	2.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	3.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	1.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	2.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	1.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	5.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	-3.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	2.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	3.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	3.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	3.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	1.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	4.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.6 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
24.8 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	214 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	214 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	187 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	186 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	0.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	0.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	0.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	0.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	0.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	5 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	5 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	5 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	5 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	5 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	6 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	6 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	6 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	101	UNHCR
2007	530	UNHCR
2006	95	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	122	UNHCR
2004	56	UNHCR
2003	60	UNHCR
2002	51	UNHCR
2001	No data available
2000	26	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	173651	UNHCR
2007	175741	UNHCR
2006	151827	UNHCR
2005	147171	UNHCR
2004	141398	UNHCR
2003	133094	UNHCR
2002	129950	UNHCR
2001	129224	UNHCR
2000	126991	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

	No data available

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	1.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	1.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	1.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	1.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	5.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	6.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	6.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	6.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	6.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	6.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003