Reuters AlertNet - Ethiopia

Ethiopia

$Small country map\n© Microsoft Virtual Earth$

Capital:	Addis Ababa
Area size:	1000000 sq. km Slightly smaller than Scandinavia
Time zone:	GMT +3
Currency:	Birr
Area code:	(+) 251
Driving:	Right
Climate description:	A climate moderated by high altitudes and a country isolated from its neighbors by a unique geography. In the north, a desert steppe extends along the Red Sea. The middle of the country consists of mountains and plateaus, where the majority of the population lives and cotton and coffee plantations flourish. The eastern lowlands have a hot desert climate; rain mainly falls between April and September and in the west, a wet season between July and August. Northeastern and southeastern lowlands have high temperatures with unreliable rainfall than can lead to severe droughts.

People

Standard of living

Economy & aid

Health

Disasters, conflict & migration

Language
Amharic is the official language. There are some 80 registered languages, including Tigrinya.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2007	80.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	80.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	79.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	77.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	75.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	73.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	71.2 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	69.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
122.5 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2006)

Ethnic groups
Around one-third of the population are Oromo, a quarter are Amhara and a tenth are Tigrayan. There are 22 recognised minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
The Amhara and Tigrayans are mostly Christians. Islam and traditional African religions are also practised.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	16.5 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	16.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	16.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	15.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	15.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	15.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	15.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	14.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1955
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
64 (2006)
Source: U.N. Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	44.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	44.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	45 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	45.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	45.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Average life expectancy

2005	51.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	47.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	47.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	45.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	43.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	50.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	46.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	46.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	44.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	44.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	43.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	53.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	48.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	48.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	46.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	46.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	44.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2006	77 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	109 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	110 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	112 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	114 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	116 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	117 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2006	123 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	164 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	166 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	169 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	171 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	10 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	720 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	850 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	169	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	170	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	170	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	170	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	169	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	168	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2006	38 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	38 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	47 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	47 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	47 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2000	47 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2002-2004 average	46 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	46 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2004	22 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	22 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	24 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2004	13 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	12 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	No data available percent
2003	41.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	41.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	40.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	39.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	No data available percent
2003	49.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	49.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	48.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	47.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	No data available percent
2003	33.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	33.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	32.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	30.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2006	9 per 1,000 people	International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2007
2005	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	6 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Cellular telephone subscribers

2006	11 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2005	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	0.7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	0.7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	0.4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	0.3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Internet users

2006	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2005	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	0.7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	0.4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	0.2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 179=most corrupt)

2007	138 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	130 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	137 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	114 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	92 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	59 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	Not ranked
2000	60 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	23.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	23.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	26.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	26.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	81.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2006	170 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	150 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	130 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	110 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	110 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	120 current US$	WorldBankDataProfileTables2008
2000	120 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country�s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2006	13.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	11.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	9.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	8.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	7.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	7.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	7.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual GDP growth

2005	8.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2004	12.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2003	-3.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2002	0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2001	7.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2000	5.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007

Annual inflation

2005	6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2004	9.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2003	12.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2002	-4.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2001	-4.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2000	6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
25.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Physicians

2000-2004	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	No data available per 100,000 people

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
No data available percent

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country below 2000m. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported. No risk in Addis Ababa.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2006	378 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2005	383 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2004	389 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2003	386 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2002	373 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2001	352 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2000	328 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008

Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Number of refugees originating here

2006	74026	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	65293	UNHCR
2004	63105	UNHCR
2003	62677	UNHCR
2002	61240	UNHCR
2001	58997	UNHCR
2000	66410	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2006	96980	UNHCR
2005	100817	UNHCR
2004	115980	UNHCR
2003	130274	UNHCR
2002	132940	UNHCR
2001	152554	UNHCR
2000	197959	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2007	200000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	100000 - 280000	IDMC 2006
2005	150000 - 265000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2004	At least 27	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	297	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	2.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	No data available percent
2003	4.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	No data available percent
2002-2004	4.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	4.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	4.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	4.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	2.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	2.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	1.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

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