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Wed, 12:00 29 Jul 2009 GMT17

 
Kenya violence

Last reviewed: 28-07-2009

Kenya
 
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Capital: Nairobi
Area size (Land only): 569140 sq. km Slightly larger than France
Time zone: GMT +3
Currency: Shilling
Area code: (+) 254
Driving: Left
Climate description: In the coastal regions April to May is the wettest season and to a lesser extent from October to November, although rain occurs in all months, with high temperatures and humidity tempered by onshore breezes. Very low rainfall and high temperatures year round in northern frontier area and inland plateaux. The highlands in the centre and west of the country have a double rainy season of moderate amounts. Temperatures low enough for frost or snow prevail in the higher mountain regions
 

People
Standard of living
Economy & aid
Health
Disasters, conflict & migration
Language
The official languages are English and Swahili, but there are more than 50 languages in use, including Kikuyu and Kamba.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population
2009 39.8 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007 36.5 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 36.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 35.6 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 34.7 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 33.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 32.9 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 32.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 31.3 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
85.4 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
The main ethnic groups include the Kikuyu, Luyia and Luo. There are also Indian and Arab minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Most are Christian (66 percent), 6 percent are Muslim and 20 percent practise traditional African religions.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population
2007 21.3 percent U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006 21.0 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2005 20.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2004 20.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2003 20.3 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2002 20.1 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2001 19.9 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2000 19.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1919 1963
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
76 (2006)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15
2005 42.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 42.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 43.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 42.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 42.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 43.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002


Average life expectancy
2005 52.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 47.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 47.2 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 45.2 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 46.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 50.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male
2005 51.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 48.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 48.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 44.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 44.9 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 50.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female
2005 53.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 46.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 46.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 46.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 47.9 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 51.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality
2007 80 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 79 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 79 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 79 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 79 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 78 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 78 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 77 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
2007 121 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 121 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 120 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 120 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 123 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 122 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 122 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 120 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel
1997-2005 42 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004 42 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003 41 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 44 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 44 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 44 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality
2005 560 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000 1000 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)
2005 148 UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 152 UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 154 UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 148 UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 146 UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 134 UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
2000-2007 20 percent U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006 20 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005 20 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004 20 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003 20 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 21 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 23 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 23 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population
2003-2005 32 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average 31 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average 31 percent FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
2006 57 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 61 percent UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002 62 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 57 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation
2006 42 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 43 percent UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002 48 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 87 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average
2004 73.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 73.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 84.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 83.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 82.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male
2004 77.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 77.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 90 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 89.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 88.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female
2004 70.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 70.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 78.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 77.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 76.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones
2007 7 per 1,000 people International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2008
2006 8 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2005 8 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2004 9 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2003 10 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2002 10 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2001 10 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2000 10 per 1,000 people ITU 2008

Cellular telephone subscribers
2007 302 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2006 209 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2005 135 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2004 76 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2003 49 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2002 37 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2001 19 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2000 4 per 1,000 people ITU 2008

Internet users
2007 80 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2006 79 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2005 32 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2004 32 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2003 31 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2002 13 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2001 6 per 1,000 people ITU 2008
2000 3 per 1,000 people ITU 2008

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
2008 147 (joint) Transparency International 2008
2007 150 (joint) Transparency International 2007
2006 142 (joint) Transparency International
2005 144 (joint) Transparency International
2004 129 (joint) Transparency International
2003 122 (joint) Transparency International
2002 96 (joint) Transparency International
2001 84 (joint) Transparency International
2000 82 (joint) Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
No (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
1990-2005 22.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 22.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 22.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002 23.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001 23.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method
2007 640 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 580 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 520 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 460 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 420 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 390 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 410 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 420 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
2007 24.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 22.5 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 18.8 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 16.1 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 14.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 13.1 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 13.0 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 12.7 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth
2006 6.1  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 5.7  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 5.1  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 2.9  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002 0.5  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001 3.8  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000 0.6  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation
2006 7.1  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 6.3  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 7.6  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 6.2 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 0.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 1.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 6.1 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
33.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Physicians
2000-2004 14 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 14 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 14 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002 14 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
2007 No data available percent
2006 No data available percent
2005 No data available percent
2004 No data available percent
2003 No data available percent

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. There is little risk in Nairobi and in the highlands of Central and Eastern Nyanza, Rift Valley and western provinces. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases
2007 353 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2006 371 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2005 406 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2004 441 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2003 436 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2002 419 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2001 408 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2000 405 per 100,000 people WHO 2009

Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Number of refugees originating here
2007 7546 UNHCR
2006 5356 Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005 4620 UNHCR
2004 3847 UNHCR
2003 3163 UNHCR
2002 3098 UNHCR
2001 2559 UNHCR
2000 2373 UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here
2007 265729 UNHCR
2006 272531 UNHCR
2005 251271 UNHCR
2004 239835 UNHCR
2003 237512 UNHCR
2002 233671 UNHCR
2001 239221 UNHCR
2000 206106 UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
2009 400000 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008 181092-200000 IDMC 2008
2007 200000 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006 431153 IDMC 2006
2005 381924 IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year
2007 1 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006 0 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004 0 Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003 9 Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military
2005 1.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 1.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 1.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 1.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education
2002-2005 6.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004 7.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002 7.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001 6.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000 6.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health
2004 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004 1.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002 2.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 1.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003


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United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) troops from Kenya patrol the Abyei area in the wake of the decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration on the borders of Abyei in ...


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